Basic First Aid Steps

The DRSABCD action plan can be followed for all illnesses, injuries and conditions that require first aid. Adapt each step in accordance to the incident, type of injuries and the condition of the casualty.

1. Provide safety: (D)

Dangers - Ensure safety for yourself, the casualty and bystanders. Identify, assess and remove or minimise hazards. Follow infection control principles and procedures, including use of standard precautions and PPE such as gloves and masks.

2. Look for: (R)

Response - Look for a response, assess their signs and symptoms. Make a decision about their condition and what to do next. Look for evidence and obtain a history from the scene, bystanders, witnesses or the casualty if they are conscious.

3. Send for help: (S)

Arrange for the ambulance to be called and send someone to obtain resources, such as a first aid kit, as per the situation and the casualty’s condition. If there is no-one else to assist, call the ambulance yourself and assist the casualty using available resources at the scene. 

4. First aid: (ABCD)

Obtain consent. Provide first aid according to the injury or illness and within your own skills and limitations. 

Always use appropriate behaviour, respect privacy, dignity and confidentiality.  Be ethical, use cultural awareness.  Be confident and reassuring. Provide comfort.

After the incident - Communicate the details of the incident to emergency response services or the person assisting the casualty after your treatment.  Report details of incident as required. Evaluate your own performance. Be aware of the possible psychological impacts to oneself and others involved in critical incidents. Use stress management techniques, support from others and participate in debriefing as required.